Da Costa's Syndrome: Aetiology. Lecture III

On Costas Sets and Costas Clouds

and Applied Analysis 3 2. Basics—The Costas Property 2.1. Notation We denote the set of the first n integers {1, 2, . . . , n} by n , and more generally the set {α β, α 2β, . . . , α nβ} by α β n ; in particular, n −1 {0, 1, . . . , n−1}. The set of algebraic real numbers, namely, those real numbers that can be solutions of polynomials with rational or, equivalently, integer coefficients, is de...

Costas Stefanis MD

Budd-Chiari syndrome: aetiology and geography.

Sir, Mahmoud ef a/. have recently reported underlying myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) as the commonest aetiology in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) in their series. There appears to be continuing controversy over the aetiological factors and their geographical variation observed in this disorder. Earlier studies from Western countries have documented polycythemia vera as the commonest aetiology, ...

Hepatorenal Syndrome: Aetiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Acute renal impairment is common in patients with chronic liver disease, occurring in approximately 19% of hospitalised patients with cirrhosis. A variety of types of renal impairment are recognised. The most important of these is the hepatorenal syndrome, a functional renal impairment due to circulatory and neurohormonal abnormalities that underpin cirrhosis. It is one of the most severe compl...

Chronic fatigue syndrome: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment

Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterised by intense fatigue, with duration of over six months and associated to other related symptoms. The latter include asthenia and easily induced tiredness that is not recovered after a night's sleep. The fatigue becomes so severe that it forces a 50% reduction in daily activities. Given its unknown aetiology, different hypotheses have been considered to ex...